Navigating the challenges of calving

Calving time is a critical and busy period on the farm. During this period, cows can be particularly dangerous; they are often nervous, unpredictable, agitated, excited and can be aggressive. Even animals that are usually docile can become agitated or aggressive during this time, creating significant safety risks.
In the 10-year period between 2015-2024, livestock-related accidents tragically claimed 36 lives on Irish farms, with many more suffering severe injuries. Twenty-five per cent of these fatal accidents occurred when handling cows at calving. Safety on the farm isn’t just about protecting yourself; it’s about ensuring there is a secure and efficient environment for anybody working there. 

Building a safe environment

Creating a well-designed and organised calving facility is crucial to minimising risks. Here’s what you should focus on: 

• Clean and tidy space with good lighting Maintain a clean and tidy, well-bedded area with dry straw, that is free of obstructions, and ensure good lighting is provided. 
• Safe facility design Minimise direct physical contact with cows by investing in a pen with a pivoting calving gate that provides secure access for the handler while keeping the cow restrained. Always establish a physical barrier between yourself and the cow, never turn your back on the cow after calving or when handling the calf.
• Calving assistance Secure the cow with a fully operational calving gate. Always have help on hand, and use a calving jack as needed to reduce strain and prevent back injuries.
• Safe handling facilities for all livestock Securely fenced fields, sturdy holding pens, a well-maintained cattle crush, sculling gate, and effective bull-handling facilities all contribute to a safer and more efficient handling of livestock.

Post-calving behaviour

Cows are often agitated immediately after calving. It’s best to allow 20 to 30 minutes of undisturbed bonding time for the cow and calf. If it is necessary to assist a newborn calf with suckling, safely put the cow back in the calving gate, then assist the calf to feed. Alternatively, feed it colostrum using a bucket with a teat.
If aggressive behaviour persists beyond a few days, consider culling the cow after the calf is weaned. Persistent aggression is often a genetic trait and poses a long-term safety risk.

Tagging precautions

Calf tagging can trigger protective and aggressive behaviour in cows. Ensure the cow is securely restrained or isolated to prevent an attack. Keep children away from calving areas and newly born calves to avoid dangerous situations.

Importance of skilled handlers

It is important that cattle handlers are experienced, competent, and sufficiently agile for the class of livestock being handled. Good stockmanship skills will ensure that stress to cattle is minimised and that they are handled safely, and this in-turn will reduce the risk of injury to the handler. The demeanour of cattle usually indicates their state of agitation. It is essential that you recognise and watch out for danger signs such an aggressive/agitated head or tail positions, bellowing, and pawing the ground. Additionally, there should always be enough people at hand to carry out the task safely.

Safe handling – golden rules

• Be vigilant: Constantly assess the environment and any potential risks.
• Observe warning signs: Pay close attention to aggressive behaviour, especially in bulls and newly calved cows.
• Be prepared: Always carry a fully charged mobile phone in case of emergency. 
• Cull problematic animals: Promptly remove problem bulls or cows from the herd.
• Invest in safety: Ensure your handling facilities meet high safety standards.
• Have an escape route: Always identify a quick exit in case of emergencies.

Prioritising safety during calving time is non-negotiable. By understanding the risks and adopting precautionary measures, you can create a secure environment that benefits both farmers and livestock.

Always think, safety first.